Theodor langer



(No Model.)

ANGER.

SMOKE OONSUMING APPARATUS. No. 544,767. Patented Aug. 20, 1895-.

UNITED STATES.

I QATENT OFFICE.

THEODOR LANGER, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

, SMOKE-CONSUMING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent NoL 544,767, dated August20, 1895.

v Application filed May 22,1895. Serial No. 550,18Q. (No model.) I

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, THEODOR LANGER, a subject of the Emperor ofAustria-Hungary, residing at Vienna, AustriaHungary, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces, of which the followingis a specification.

My invention has relation to means for antomatically regulating thestack draft in grate-furnaces during the charging of the same withfuel'and during the evolution of gas therefrom, and also for controllingthe admissionof air into the furnace above the grate; and in suchconnection it relates particularly to the construction and arrangementof such apparatus for said purposes.

My invention, stated in general terms, comprises an apparatus forregulating the stackdraft in grate-furnaces provided either with orwithout smoke-consuming appliances or attachments, by automaticallycontrolling or regulating the draft from the combustionchamber of thefurnace to the stack during certain periods in the charging of thefurnace, and at the same time increasing or decreasing the admission ofair into the furnace above the grate. In order to convert ingrate-furnaces the hydrocarbons, as well as gases of combustion, underthe most favorable conditions into carbonic acid by admixture with steamto insure the most complete combustion with the least amount of airtheoretically, it is necessary to regulate the amount and time of theupper grate-draft, as well as the under grate and stack-draft, naturallydecreasing with theadvancing consumption of the body or layers of fuel.Moreover, it is necessary to limit the stack-draft during feeding of thegrateto prevent the too-rapid escape of incompletely consumed gases ofcombustion, due to a pernicious supply of air above the grate throughthe open doors of the furnace. Furthermore, care must be exercised as tothe entrance and departure of the amount of air in proportion to thequantity of resultant gases of combustion and during the period in whichthe latter are evolved in largest quantities in the working of thefurnace. It is, therefore, without regard to the by-action of thehitherto employed smokenaces as to the manner of air feeding above thegrate into the combustion-chamber that affords the greatest possibleeconomy and practical results in the working of the furnaces; but it isdue to such regulation that at the'period of feeding the stack-draftmust be smallest, at the period of commencement of gas evolution itmustbe the greatest, and during the period of one feeding to anotherlargely upon the quantity of fuel fed to the combustion-chamber, the gasevolved from the fuel, and the height of the layer or body of fuel to beconsumed.

The features hereinabove outlined constitute the characteristics of 'myinvention, covering the means for carrying the same into effect.

Indefining my present inventionit will be considered in connectionwitha'gratefurn'ace employing a smoke consuming appliance therewith; butit should be'understoood that the invention, if used in conjunction withother furnaces, insures a simplification of the manner of feeding thefurnace in general, an increase in heat action, a maintenance of therequisite temperature of combustion within the'combustion-chamber' ofthe furnace, and effects a very considerable saving of the fuel employedfor the hereinbe'fore-recited objects and purposes.

The nature, characteristic features, and scope of my invention will bemore fully understood from the following description, taken inconnection with the accompanying drawings, forming part hereof, and inwhich Figure l is a front elevation, partly in sec-- the mode of myinvention may be carried out; and Figs. 2, 3,-and 4 are top or planviews of the sleeve on the axis of the fire-door, and illustratingdiagrammatically the various positions of the lug carried by said sleevewith respect to other portions which limit the movement of said lug.

Referring to the drawings, A is a circular slide connected with aradially-a'pertu red firedoor A, to permit of the entrance of the upperair. The said slide is provided with a weight P, which constantly tendsto hold the same in an open position with respect to the aperturedfire-door.

it must be gradually decreased, depending R is a smoke-slide, theregulation of which is accomplished by a cataract K in the mannerhereinafter more fully explained. The internal regulation of theair-feed in the combustion-chamber, controlled as to quantity and timein the same, is-effected by a steamveil, in which the steam is led tothe steamveil pipe to leading into the combustionchamber (not shown) andcontrolled by the valve 11.

In the opening of the fire-door A the piston 7c of the cataract K isactuated by means to be presently fully explained, and in the closing ofthe door the piston descends under the control of the throttle-valve D;but, however, its descent is regulated by the adjustment of said valve,depending upon the character of fuel used, said valve D permitting theentrance of air into the receptacle kabove the membrane-piston Thispiston 70, by means of mechanism hereinafter described, controls theslide of the fire-door A and thereby permits of the entrance of air intothe furnace above the grate, to efiect complete combustion ofcombustible gases produced in a certain period of time during gasevolution. In the instance shown in the drawings, by opening thefire-door A the smoke-slide R is permitted to sinlcto the lowest pointdetermined by the character and management of the furnace, while byclosing the same the smoke-slide rises to the highest pointcorresponding to the amount of stack or under grate draft initiallyrequired.

The means for regulating the stack-draft and the entrance of air underthe grate by gradually decreasing the opening of the channel leading tothe stack corresponding to the gas evolution, as well as to theconsumption of the layer or body of fuel, is controlled by the cataractK through the following mechanism, to wit: Loosely mounted on the axis aof the fire-door A is a sleeve H, provided with a 1ever-arm 10. Thissleeve at its lower portion is provided with a lug a adapted to abutagainst a lug a secured to or formed integral with the upper portion orhinge of the fire-door A. At its upper end the sleeve II is providedwith another lug 6, and above the sleeve is located a second sleeve H,provided with a lower lug 6 and a miter-gear 4. The lug a of the upperportion of the door A by the opening of the same will thereby turn thesleeve H, which will operate the sleeve H through the lugs 6 and 6. Thesleeve II in turn will operate the miter-gear 4, which meshes with acomplemental gear 3. To the shaft of the gear 3 is fixed an arm 5, theend of which is movably located in the sleeve 7, sliding on the piston70 of the cataract K. The movement of the arm 5 raises the sleeve 7,which abuts against the sleeve B, secured to the membrane-piston 70,thereby elevating the same, which in turn forces air out of thereceptacle 70 through the discharge-valve L. The circular weighted slideA must immediately after each charge of fuel be closed sufficiently toprevent an undue quantity of air being admitted to thecombustion-chamber when the smokeless combustion of the gases takesplace and duringthe commencement of the period of gas evolution. Thismovement of the slide A is effected by the closing of the tire-door andthe freeing of the lower lug of the sleeve H thereby from the lugs athereby causing a weight 1, connected with the lever-arm 5 and sleeve 7,to bear sufficiently on the rod of the membraue-pistonk to give acertain movement to the said slide by means of the miter-gears3 and at,sleeve II, lever 10, and rod 9, which movement of the slide correspondsto the movement of the weight P.

The falling movement of the sleeve 7 is first limited by the threadedlug 8, against which the sleeve 7 abuts. By the contact of the saidsleeve 7 with the lug 8 and farther downward movement of the weight 1,the slide is then closed in proportion to the descent of the piston ofthe cataract K by the entrance of air in the chamber 70, controlled bythe throttle-valve D.

The adjustment of the lug or stop 8 can be arranged so that the downwardmovement of the lever-arm to its lowest point corresponds with thecomplete closing of the slide A. The intermediate position in theadjustment of the lug 8 will correspond with the different openpositions of the slide, according to various types of fuel as well asthe quantity of upper air-draftneeessary. Below the lug or stop 8 thesmoke-slide R, by means of a chain passing over a roll 13, is connectedwith the piston-rod 71: of the cataract K.

The range of movement of the circular slide A is controlled by means ofan adjusting-screw S, against the end of which the lug z of the slide Arests when the slide is in an open position. The weight 1, which isconnected with the lever-arm 5 and the sleeve 7, is afforded a range ofdescent on the piston, rod 70, so as to abut against the lug 8 in theclosing of the fire-door A, while a further movement of said partscauses an actuation of the miter-gears 3 and 4 and sleeve H, permittingthe descent of the piston-rod k to the base of the chamber it of thecataract K. By the adjustment of the screw S, and also the lug or stop 8on the rod 70', a greater or less space is presented between the lugs 6and 6 after descent of the weight 1 and only after a farther descent ofthe piston 70 for a certain distance will the lug 6 be brought intocontact with the lug 6 and move the same to completely close thecircular slide. The duration of initial opening can be determinedaccording to the kind and charge of the fuel by adjusting the lug orstop 8, while the extent of initial opening will be determined adlibitum by the adjusting-screw S. After the closing of the circularslide has been efiected the piston 70' of the cataract K will descendwithin certain limits to accomplish the closing of the smoke-slide B. Bymeans IIO of the screw S the size of the initial opening is determined,while bythe closing of the firepiston k of the cataract K. If the screwS:

and the log 8' are so adjusted that by the closing of the door the samewill not contact with.

each other, but leave a space between the that when the fire-door isclosed, the lever 5 same, the piston k of the cataract K will descend adefined distance before the lug6 reaches a position of contact with thelug 6 to actuate the same and thereby cause the closing of the circularslide A. According,-

therefore, to the adjustment of the'lug 8 the direction of initialopening of the slide will be determined. The various positions regulatedby the screw S and the lug 8 are illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, theposition shown in Fig. 2 being that .when the fire-door is is open, theposition shown in Fig. 3 being occupying a lowered position on the lug8, and the position of the lug 6 defined by the screw S, the positionshown in Fig. 4 being that when the piston of the cataracthas descendedsufficiently as to cause the lug 6? to abut against the lug 6, in orderto cause the circular slide A to begin its closing movement of thefire-door A. When the circular slide is closed the piston of thecataract K is afforded a still further movement of descent inorder toper- .mit of the lowered position of the smoke-slide R to the lowestpoint. Contrary to the general theory and. to the,hereinbefore-described mode of air regulation the smoke-slide R, by theopening of the fire door A, will increase the passage-way leading to thesmoke-stack if the movement of the cataract K is permitted to actuatethe smoke-slide directly.- In

order to prevent this and to expeditiously reach the necessary lowestposition of the smoke-slide in the openingof the fire-door according tomy invention, the axle 10 of the roll 13 is located in the longlever-arm 17, pivotall-y supported at 16. During the opening of thefire-door the piston of the cataract K draws the chain ralong, throughthe intervention of the weight R of the slide R. The long lever-arm 17will therefore rise, since the small arm 17 can slide downward on a wormgroove or cam 15 of the sleeve H connected with the'axis of thefire-door. At the point 10 the upward movement of the lever-arm 17whereby the smoke-slide R is'quickly caused to assume an elevatedposition-for example,

such as illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings.

.A slow closing of the smoke slide R is accomplished by lessening thechain thereof in proportion to the downward movement of the piston ofthe cataract K. The movement of thepiston of the cataract isinsufficient to adjust the smoke-slide, and therefore there isinterposed a sector-lever G between the slide and the operativemechanism hereinbefore described, and as fully illustrated in Fig. 1 ofthe drawings.- To relieve strain on the membrane and piston the weight Rof the smokeslide R is so equalized as that the latter can descendautomatically. The adjustment of the circular slide A, and' also of thesmoke-- slide R, is of special importance. The size and duration of theopening is changeable ad libitum, controlled only by the nature of thefuel, the mode of regulation, and the strength of the draft to thesmoke-stack. As soon as the movement of the cataract by means of thethrottle-Valve D has been determined during thepractice of the inventionand the initial opening, by means of the lug or stop 8, has beendetermined, the mode of closing the slide A can be modified by theadjustment of the connecting-point of the rod 9 and lever 10, 7

through the interposition of any connectinglink. (Not shown) Withreference to the smoke-slide R, the lowest position is determined byalug 21, against which the lever 17, carrying the roll 13, rests. Havingthus described the nature and objectsof my invention, what I claim asnew, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. An apparatus for regulating the draft in grate furnaces, whichconsists of a fire door provided with openings, and a slide having aprojection and 'adapted'to be afforded a range of movement betweenstops, whereof one has an adjusting device connected therewith, acataract provided with a piston, operative mechanism actuated by saidcataract and controlling the'openin gs in said fire door,

a smoke slide and operative mechanism therefor controlled by saidcataract and piston, sub stantially as and for the purposes described.

2. An apparatus for regulating the draft in grate furnaces, comprising afire door provided with a controllable slide, a cataract provided with achamber having a throttle valve and a membrane piston and rod, withanadjustable stop thereon, a link connecting said piston-rod with saidslide, a smoke slide and actuating mechanism therefor connected with themechanism for controlling said fire door slide and with the rodof saidcataract, subsmoke slide during the charging of the furnace and the gasevolution, substantially as and for the purposes described.

4. An apparatus for controlling the draft of grate furnaces, comprisinga smoke slide, a cataract provided with a piston and rod and having athrottle-valve connected therewith, a fire door provided with a circularadjustable slide, said smoke slide counterweighted and provided with asector, and actuating mechanism interposed between said fire door slideand cataract, substantially as and for the purposes described.

5. An apparatus for controlling the draft of grate furnaces, comprisinga driving mechanism, a fire door and a smoke slide, the construction ofsaid driving mechanism being such, that one member thereof is operatedby the lower door hinge, the other member by the upper door hinge andthe third by interposed sleeves, and a cataract provided with a pistonand rod, substantially as and for the purposes described.

0. In an apparatus of the character described, a smoke slide, a roll 13,a cataract provided with a membrane piston and rod and an adjustablethrottle valve, arms 14 and 17 controlled by an adjusting screw 18, atire cataract provided with a membrane piston and rod and with lugsadjustable thereon, lever mechanism connected with the frame-work of thefurnace and adjustable with respect to each other, a weighted smokeslide and suitable mechanism for raising and lowering the same,substantially as and for the purposes described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twowitnesses.

THEODOR LANGER. Witnesses:

VICTOR TIscHLER, FERDINAND SATTLER.

